The presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in industrial flue gases is problematic since emissions of NOx produce BI 2536 rain and ozone formation. Conventional control of NOx involves addition of ammonia through the selective catalytic reduction process, but can result in slippage of ammonia (Klose and Rincón, 2007). Over 90% of fossil fuel derived NOx from power stations consists of NO (Neathery et al., 1997). There has been interest in producing adsorbents which can remove NOx through adsorption and reduction, without the use of a reducing agent (Klose and Rincón, 2007). Carbon based adsorbents have been investigated to remove NOx at lower temperatures, for example between 25 °C and 200 °C (Neathery et al., 1997). Such temperatures occur after a acid gas scrubber unit to remove SO2 and HCl which are known to interfere with the selective catalytic reduction NOx removal process (Klose and Rincón, 2007).
Waste tyres represent a big bang theory major input to the European waste stream, with an estimated 3.3 million tonnes arising annually with an estimated stockpile in Europe of 5.7 million tonnes (Williams, 2013). Currently, waste tyre management in Europe includes, tyre retreading (∼8%) fuel in cement kilns (∼35%), materials recovery (∼33%) civil engineering applications (∼7%) and export (∼10%). However, waste tyres have a high carbon content and have the potential to be processed to produce higher value activated carbons. For example, activated carbon production through physical activation (Cunliffe and Williams, 1999) or chemical activation (Teng et al., 2000) has been reported. Activated carbons have high surface area and defined porosity with a wide range of applications, but in respect to the research reported here, have applications in the adsorption of pollutants from industrial waste gas streams.
Waste tyres represent a big bang theory major input to the European waste stream, with an estimated 3.3 million tonnes arising annually with an estimated stockpile in Europe of 5.7 million tonnes (Williams, 2013). Currently, waste tyre management in Europe includes, tyre retreading (∼8%) fuel in cement kilns (∼35%), materials recovery (∼33%) civil engineering applications (∼7%) and export (∼10%). However, waste tyres have a high carbon content and have the potential to be processed to produce higher value activated carbons. For example, activated carbon production through physical activation (Cunliffe and Williams, 1999) or chemical activation (Teng et al., 2000) has been reported. Activated carbons have high surface area and defined porosity with a wide range of applications, but in respect to the research reported here, have applications in the adsorption of pollutants from industrial waste gas streams.