If only agricultural activity and food production is taken into account, large amounts of wastes are produced daily. A comprehensive classification of wastes and by-products generated, and the target compounds that Alogliptin can be recovered from them has been published recently (Mullen et al., 2015), the main sources of waste being agriculture, fish processing and farming exploitation. For example, when edible oil is extracted from seeds (soybean, rapeseed, cottonseed, sunflower and others), the by-products obtained are cakes and meals with a high protein content. These food wastes have been traditionally used as low added-value raw materials for the production of livestock feed, fertilizers or ethanol (Kolesárová et al., 2011). In the case of fish or shrimp processing, the amount of waste can be as high as 60% of the animal weight. After the fish fillets are obtained, the remaining 50–60% of the whole fish is discarded as by-product or waste (Torres et al., 2007); in the case of shrimps, about 30% the living weight of progesterone crustacean is discarded as waste (Quitain et al., 2001). Livestock produces large amounts of highly polluting effluents that are rich in high quality protein such as blood or offal (Rendueles et al., 1997). Other kinds of protein-rich by-products generated on a large scale are hog hair, which constitutes up to 1% of total hog weight (Esteban et al., 2010); and the feathers produced during poultry processing (Zhu et al., 2010).
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