To that end we conduct constant

In the present work, we outlined a methodology to identify the ionic and electronic resistances in Membrane Capacitive Deionization (MCDI). To calculate the ionic resistances, we set up a transport model for the MCDI cell, with a fully discretized spacer channel, membrane and porous carbon electrode, coupled to the improved modified Donnan model. We show that the resulting model can be fitted to experimental data, and that we can use this BI 2536 to calculate the ionic resistances across the different elements in the MCDI cell. Furthermore, we presented a novel approach to measure the external electronic resistances, as well as the spacer properties in the MCDI cell.
For the MCDI cell studied, the resistances are mainly located in the spacer channel and in the external electrical circuit, while the resistance in the macropores of the electrodes is significantly lower. This finding predicts, and is also validated by our experimental work, that one can double or triple the electrode thickness without significantly increasing the electrical energy input per mol salt removed. Therefore, one can operate the cell with longer periods of desalination, switching less frequently between adsorption and desorption steps, without an extra energy penalty. Furthermore, our results show that, if we want to reduce the resistances in the MCDI cell, we have to focus, in order of priority, on the spacer channel, the external electrical circuit and then on the membranes.