The statistical significance was considered at probability value less than 0.05. The statistical calculations were done using Data Analysis tool of Microsoft Excel and Systat 12 (Systat Software, Inc. Chicago). RESULTS Comparison between compositions of
study groups Randomly assigned yoga and swimming groups showed statistical similarities for basic parameters like age, sex, height, and weight [Table 1]. Even after similarities in these two groups, percentage improvements in HRV parameters after 12 weeks of training with respect to baseline level were considered for comparisons of efficacy of exercise modality. This reduced the effect of differences in the baseline HRV parameters of two groups obtained because of sampling error. Effect of yoga and swimming on cardiovascular parameters Two basic parameters viz. resting MG-132 research buy arterial Epacadostat blood pressure (BP) and resting heart rate (RHR) were recorded both before and after training period for both yoga and swimming
group. Average resting systolic blood pressure (RSBP) as well as resting diastolic blood pressure (RDBP) in both yoga and swimming groups decreased significantly [P < 0.01, Table 2]. Similarly, mean RHR decreased significantly in both the groups [P < 0.0001, Table 2]. The difference in percent change among both groups for all the above three parameters was statistically non-significant [Unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney U test, P > 0.05, Table 2]. Table 2 Effects of exercise on cardiovascular parameters (resting heart
rate and blood pressure) in both groups and comparison of effects obtained between groups Effect of yoga and swimming on resting supine heart rate variability The average variances/total powers increased significantly in both training groups (P < 0.0001) after training. This increase in variance was significantly more in yoga group compared to swimmer group (P < 0.01) [Table 3]. Table 3 Effects of exercise on different time domain and frequency domain parameters of resting heart rate variability in both groups and comparison of effects ATPase obtained between groups The average standard deviation of normal-to-normal (NN) (SDNN) RR interval increased in both groups (yoga group: P <0.0001 and swimmer group: P < 0.001) with better improvement in yoga group than swimmer group (P < 0.01) [Table 3]. The average square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD) increased in both groups (yoga group: P < 0.0001 and swimmer group: P < 0.001) with better improvement in yoga group than swimmer group (P < 0.001) [Table 3]. The average values of percentage of adjacent NN intervals that differ by more than 50 ms (pNN50) after training increased significantly in both groups (P < 0.0001).</div>
study groups Randomly assigned yoga and swimming groups showed statistical similarities for basic parameters like age, sex, height, and weight [Table 1]. Even after similarities in these two groups, percentage improvements in HRV parameters after 12 weeks of training with respect to baseline level were considered for comparisons of efficacy of exercise modality. This reduced the effect of differences in the baseline HRV parameters of two groups obtained because of sampling error. Effect of yoga and swimming on cardiovascular parameters Two basic parameters viz. resting MG-132 research buy arterial Epacadostat blood pressure (BP) and resting heart rate (RHR) were recorded both before and after training period for both yoga and swimming
group. Average resting systolic blood pressure (RSBP) as well as resting diastolic blood pressure (RDBP) in both yoga and swimming groups decreased significantly [P < 0.01, Table 2]. Similarly, mean RHR decreased significantly in both the groups [P < 0.0001, Table 2]. The difference in percent change among both groups for all the above three parameters was statistically non-significant [Unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney U test, P > 0.05, Table 2]. Table 2 Effects of exercise on cardiovascular parameters (resting heart
rate and blood pressure) in both groups and comparison of effects obtained between groups Effect of yoga and swimming on resting supine heart rate variability The average variances/total powers increased significantly in both training groups (P < 0.0001) after training. This increase in variance was significantly more in yoga group compared to swimmer group (P < 0.01) [Table 3]. Table 3 Effects of exercise on different time domain and frequency domain parameters of resting heart rate variability in both groups and comparison of effects ATPase obtained between groups The average standard deviation of normal-to-normal (NN) (SDNN) RR interval increased in both groups (yoga group: P <0.0001 and swimmer group: P < 0.001) with better improvement in yoga group than swimmer group (P < 0.01) [Table 3]. The average square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD) increased in both groups (yoga group: P < 0.0001 and swimmer group: P < 0.001) with better improvement in yoga group than swimmer group (P < 0.001) [Table 3]. The average values of percentage of adjacent NN intervals that differ by more than 50 ms (pNN50) after training increased significantly in both groups (P < 0.0001).</div>